Wednesday, November 13, 2013

Problem of Evil & Agape-Justice Part 2: Agape-love in the realm of Human Actions

Human Works of Agape-Love
The original intent of God was to be intimate neighbors of humanity in being co-workers of agape-love by way of dwelling in and through His divine nature of agape. Moses is an exemplar of this original intention, as “God spoke to Moses face to face, the way a person speaks to a friend (same word for neighbor),” and also consider Christ’s relationship with His disciples whom He called His friends, as well as the relationship between Christians. (Ex. 33:11; John 15:15)[i].  If one truly abide in agape, then it must be given, and it is meant to be given to all creatures created to be neighbors in agape-love, as the spiritual breath of life meant for all earth-dwellers.[ii] True agape is not at all about comparison, but is only about incessant action. It flows by a continual inward direction that derives love from one’s innermost being where one, in the Spirit, relates intimately with God. He is the only source of agape. Agape-love also flows by an outward direction by which one becomes a temple of agape as the living-water of soul incessantly flowing as a fountain sourced by an eternal spring. There is no time for comparison or else one stops abiding in this eternal spring, which is continuously ready to give (187-188, 280). Hence, Kierkegaard concludes that regarding human beings in relation to agape-love, “love for God and the neighbor is the true [agape-] love,” and this summarizes the entire standard of human oughtness as creatures made to reflect God’s likeness (45; Luke 10:25-28).
Kierkegaard points out that in regards to individual human persons, designating a work as a work of agape-love “depends on how the work is done,” and so like the external manifestations of the thought life, they happen to be based on matters of inwardness and not externalities, which thinks loving persons is merely about benefitting their situation in this world (8, 13, 327-329). So, for us our life that manifests agape-love like a real neighbor of agape comes from our innermost being where our likeness to God is found, in our soul and spirit. As we shall see later, we can only be loving as God is loving by inwardly and intimately relating ourselves to God in a communal God-relationship, so that we love by and through this abiding in He who is agape (8-10, 189). Since “no human being is [agape-]love”, humanity’s agape is not completely self-giving as God’s love (264). God’s self-giving is a love that is “giving of oneself” where oneself is the God who is love, whereas man’s self-giving is “helping the other person to seek God,” in this sense one is giving of oneself by getting out of the way to introduce one to God, even as God is being revealed in and through this person (264-265). In this way a person in self-denial becomes one who sacrificially gives of himself, by doing what the Scriptures calls us to do in laying down our lives for one another, that the other might abide in God’s love. In this way, a loving person acknowledges that God’s love should belong to the other, and so they freely promote the reception of this highest gift, which presupposes that God’s love can be given to them (264-265, 268-269; 1 John 3:16; John 15:12).
Agape-love becomes sacrificial love, because it can and often will be taken advantage of in the world without due recompense. What Kierkegaard speaks of truly takes place: “to give everything away without getting the least in return… [to become a] laughingstock in the eyes of the world… the unconditionally injured one…. being sacrificed”, and Christ Himself informed us it would be this way for us, if we followed in the shoes of the one who was crucified by the very one’s He came to save (269; Luke 6:27-36; Matt. 5:38-48). Such sacrificial love can only be given if it is indeed sacrificial in the sense of one freely, delightfully, and willingly laying down one’s life in giving oneself away. This requires a heart that has become pure, and is pure by being a heart that reflects the heart of God by being bound in His, by beating for what His heart beats for, as a circumcised heart (147-150; Rm. 2:29, 5:5; Deut. 30:6-8; Ezek. 36:26). Because of this sacrificial nature, the manifestation of true agape-love is seen according to the world’s hedonistic self-love to be a wasting of one’s self, and often this love is seen as vain and inconsequential; however, this selfish person is as Kierkegaard says, “unwilling to waste any time or energy on asserting himself, on being something for himself in his self-sacrifice is willing to perish… [rejecting to] simply be an active power in the hands of God” (279). Such a person who does not reject this “forgets his suffering,” because they care more about another’s loss, and forgets so-called advantage to promote another’s true advantage, and so he is truly devoted to the other in being delighted to give of themselves so the other can become an ontological neighbor of agape-love (281).

The loving individual does not seek to discriminatorily choose a beloved based on preferences, “earthly dissimilarity”, partiality. They accept that they freely exist to promote unconditionally everyone in being ontological neighbors of agape alongside them, even one’s enemy, (19, 44, 72, 240-243). This makes clear that it does not demand reciprocal love, such that a deceiver would fail to get the upper hand of him in “tricking” him into being loving. Since even the enemy is loved, then this means that one has a “closed eye of forbearance and leniency that does not see defects and imperfections,” and these are not heeded as far as determining whether or not to love another, for all that matters is that one is an “other,” one’s “neighbor,” one who dwells-alongside (21, 161-162, 167). This calls one to love another for who they are, not who they could or should be, but to love them simply because they are an “other,” one’s “neighbor” (164-165, 252-253). So this gaze that searches for one to love is not one that is critically fault-finding prone to rejecting but rather is hopeful enough to “hope all things” as prone to accept all, for God’s love is for all (164-165, 252-253, 258-259). This is because there is no dissimilarity on the level of a being created to be an ontological neighbor of agape-love, since the mercy and grace of God can redeem even seemingly most hateful and hopeless (166). This love that goes out to one’s enemy, makes it clear that agape-love “fights… to remove the heterogeneity” of human loves that do not include unconditionally everyone as a neighbor to be loved, simply by being an “other” who dwells alongside us (67-68).
Love also seeks to love individuals according to distinctiveness as individuals distinctively created in God’s image, as single individuals who possess the qualification of spirit, as an offspring of God who subsists in God (138, 269-270; Acts 17:28). Every self is an ‘other’ who was originally created to be an ontological-neighbor of agape-love, and so to love another as neighbor shows that one loves equally all individual persons, as those whose rightful property is agape-love, such that it should be given if one has it to give (21, 431). Love is a need for this individual to pour himself out for an ‘other’ in promoting the other’s highest good, which is to abide in He who alone is agape-love (67). The Scripture says that the one who lives by the Spirit will love one’s neighbor by behaving like the Spirit. So Kierkegaard is right in saying that love for the neighbor is the agape-love that is the “Spirit’s love,” which is “defined as spirit purely spiritually,” as it is “love between two beings eternally and independently determined as spirit” (56-57, 143; Gal. 5:15-18, 22-25; Rm. 5:5, 13:10, 15:1-2). Hence, Scripture calls the love of neighbor the “royal law” that necessarily involves no prejudice just as God is not partial, for it is an acknowledgement that all are made in God’s image and were created to be a neighbor of agape-love, even if they are not presently but only an ontological neighbor in being a fellow individual self (James 2:1-9; Rom. 2:11).
This love for neighbor bears the inner sanctifying element that wants to set apart every relation to another to be set apart to agape­-love that seeks to permeate all entities made in God’s image with God-likeness, and this begins with being promoted to knowing and abiding in agape (145). Agape-love among created neighbors of the Creator’s immanent Spirit, who seeks to give new birth to them as children in the Spirit set apart to bring agape to completion in creation, is a duty. The ontological dwelling of their creaturely existence was meant to be guided by the care of agape that every action promoted the completion of agape; for in giving oneself freely does one find oneself and live, which is everyone’s intended destiny (22, 61-62; Luke 9:23-25). This agape-love forces one to see the other as God does, as one intended to be a neighbor in agape-love, for all made in God’s image are only free of despair when this self-actualization as a truly Loving One according to agape-love  happens through the inner path of self-denial. True agape finds “something lovable in all of us,” for the signature of divine-likeness although faded can be made to shine again by mercy and grace, which are grounded on a state of them being undeserving (158-159) As a result, the fact that one appears to be undeserving of love means that they will be loved by agape (158-159). Even when we were sinners who seemed unlovable, Christ in spite of this found something worth loving to lay down His life for us (Rom 5:5-8). In spite of gone-wrongness, agape finds the lost to bring them back, which is the same love for the lost that was given to us by the Spirit, who frees us to love as Christ loves with such unconditional love that reflects the glory of the Self-Emptying One (Rm. 5:5-8; 2 Cor. 3:17-18).
Love like this is not based on what one has or has not become. It is not based on dissimilarities between individuals based on choice, or the selfhood one has come into. It is solely based on one being a self, period, one existing as a neighbor, as one who one can be a recipient of compassion, care, and sympathy. Apart from God, a finite self cannot abide in agape. Moreover, God knows how the suffering of this world can surely pollute the self according to the ways of anti-agape, hatred and fear. Nonetheless like a car that no longer has an engine and is dirty but can be cleaned and receive an engine, every human being who walks this world has potential for being restored by agape. Every individual is like the man who was beaten in the parable of the good Samaritan is in need of love. Just as we are not given the worthiness of this man to be cared for, so Christ is saying that every individual in that situation is one’s neighbor. To recognize this one must acknowledge that they are their “co-worker,” their “fellow in existing by God’s Spirit,” and as such undeserved mercy is due. None truly deserve agape or to be a neighbor of the Loving One in the first place (Luke 10:29-37). Therefore, it becomes clear why Christ would call us to love our enemy to the end of doing good to those who hate us and to give to those who take from us. In doing so, a person becomes like God, the Loving-One.
Humanity naturally only loves humanly by loving only those who show reciprocal love and those who do promote the good of oneself. Loving one’s enemies is a divine like love, whereby one becomes a “son of the Most high,” given that Yahweh is gracious and merciful to evil self-lovers (Matt. 5:43-48; Luke 6:27-36). The shocking non-human aspect of this agape-love calls us to be perfect as God is perfect. What is striking is that this echoes Leviticus 19:2. Here we are called be holy as Yahweh is holy, and the way the entire chapter describes what this being holy like God looks like is exactly love for one’s neighbor (Matt. 5:48; Lev. 19, 19:2, 18). This means that God treats individuals like His ontological neighbors, for we read how “He is kind to ungrateful and evil people” and “He causes the sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous” a (Matt. 5:43-45; Luke 6:35). Hence, such love of stranger and enemy, as our neighbor, is said to mirror to this love of God for all humanity, even those humans estimate to be the most evil and un-loveable, yet He sees as enslaved to anti-agape.




[i] This means being partners and with-havers with the Holy Spirit, especially Enoch who intimately walked with God, and the communion/ association/ fellowship believers have with the Spirit, Son, and the Father (Gen. 5:24; 1 John 1:3; 2 Cor. 13:14; Hebrews 6:4).
[ii] Love of neighbor is focused on not pleasing oneself but rather like Christ laying down our life for one another, for this brings glory to God (Rm. 15:1-2). Every relationship is asked will one love the other as God has loved the other, and hence, every relationship between persons becomes a matter of conscience (135, 142).

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